External costs

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External costs are the costs borne by the environment as a result of the activity of a factor. This term is often used for different means of transport. So, while road and rail transport does not seem to be significantly different in terms of cost, after the addition of the environmental, human health or state-paid infrastructure, the gap is significantly increasing to the detriment of road transport.

In order to take account of environmental costs, the state introduces environmental taxes, or "fees for the economic use of the environment". These fees are intended to promote clean technologies that have a lower impact on the environment and to penalize companies that emit all kinds of pollution to the environment.

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