André Antoine

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André Antoine (born January 31, 1858 in Limoges, died October 19, 1943 in Le Pouliguen) - French director, actor, leading representative of naturalism in the theater. Curriculum vitae

After he was not admitted to the famous Conservatoire acting school at the Comédie-Française in Paris, he joined the team of amateur society fans of the Cercle Gaulois theater. In 1887, he founded Théâtre Libre, in which he tried to implement Zola's program (he was completely defeated on stage). He staged m.in. realistic works of French writers - Maupassant, Goncourt, Porto-Riche, de Vigny, Balzac and Zola. As the first in France, he staged plays by Tolstoy (The Power of Darkness 1888), Ibsen (Phantoms 1890, Wild Duck 1891), Strindberg (Panna Julia 1893), Hauptmann (Weavers 1893), while trying to bring the stage conventions closer to the truth of life and break with convention and universalism of decorations and canons of a romantic acting school. In performances, he cared to subordinate the actors' playing style to the general concept of the performance (naturalness of facial expressions, limitation of pathos, gesture, movement and intonation) and drew attention to the individualization of characters in collective scenes. However, his innovative efforts did not find support and Théâtre Libre went bankrupt; despite this he found followers abroad, including in Germany (Freie Bühne Otto Brahn), Britain (Independent Theater Jacob Grein) and Russia (MChat Konstantin Stanisławski). In 1897 A. Antoine created a new stage - Théâtre Antoine, adapting his repertoire to the tastes of a bourgeois audience, in 1906-1914 he managed the Odeon theater, and after 1914 he devoted himself to literary criticism and writing diaries. In 1917, he made the film The Workers of the Sea. Bibliography

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