Where (Madagascar)

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Hova ("free men", also Merina) - one of the three basic caste in the pre-colonial society of Madagascar, next to the orrians (aristocracy) and andevo (slaves). The term hova most likely initially meant members of one of the Zafiraminia tribes who had arrived in the central highlands of Madagascar around the fourteenth century and started displacing the Vazimba people. The founder of the Kingdom of Merina Andriamanelo (1540-1575) distinguished from his people the aristocracy on which he based his rule. Over time, Hova became a middle-class Malagasy, who, as a result of the coup d'etat in 1863, took over the island's power at the hands of the aristocracy.

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