Somali peninsula


Horn of Africa The Somali Peninsula is seen from the NASA shuttle in May 1993. The orange and brown colors indicate the climate mostly dry and semi-arid.

The Somali peninsula, also known as the Horn of Africa, is a modern concept created during the African decolonization, which represents a peninsula with an area of ​​approximately 750,000 km² (the sixth largest peninsula in the world) in eastern Africa, between the Gulf of Aden and the Ocean Indian.

The peninsula is located in the territory of Somalia and partly in Ethiopia. It defines its geopolitical range differently. The term "Horn of Africa" ​​is sometimes used for a much larger area, covering the territories of Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia. So defined, it has about 2 million km² of land and nearly 90 million inhabitants.

Sculptures of the surface of the Somali Peninsula are varied, but most of them predominate in the highlands, but only at the southern end of the peninsula can the lowlands be seen. The peninsula is covered by savanna, dry forests and desert vegetation.

This region has always had important strategic importance, primarily because of its geographical location. Control of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean area means strategic military and economic control of intercontinental routes. Therefore, regardless of the age, the Horn of Africa was interested in the superpowers of the world.

The formation of the independent states of the Horn of Africa was and is a very turbulent process. The contemporary political division of this region has its origins in two important periods of history not only of Africa, but of the whole world. The first is the period of decolonization, which took place in the 50s and 60s. The second important moment is the fall of communism, the turn of the 80s and 90s.

The process of shaping the political divide of the Horn of Africa has not ended yet, with many complex conflicts, social problems and the drama of innocent people.

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