CD8

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Crystallographic structure of the CD8 molecule (Cluster of differentiation 8) is a 13.5 kDa molecular-weight membrane glycoprotein that is a TCR molecule. CD8 binds to Class I major histocompatibility (MHC) class I proteins. The CD8 molecule is a dimer, and each of the subunits (CD8α and CD8β) is encoded by a separate gene. In man, both CD8 genes are localized on chromosome 12. CD8 is primarily found on cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as on denaturing cells, NK cells, . double positive thymocytes. Unlike the CD4 molecule, whose expression is retained for T-cell leukemia, CD8 is usually lost by tumor cells. Struktura

CD8 belongs to the immunoglobulin-like protein superfamily. Cell surface dimer usually consists of α subunit and β subunit, but some cells exhibit less common CD8α-CD8α dimer. CD8 also contains a membrane fragment and a short intracellular fragment. The extracellular portion of CD8 has an immunoglobulin IgV domain structure. Function

The role of CD8 is to bind MHC class I molecules, which on the one hand stabilizes the contact between the cytotoxic T cell and the target cell, and on the other supports lymphocyte activation by enhancing TCR receptor signaling pathways.

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