Myelin sheath

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Neural structure, connections and synapse

Myelin sheath, also known as the core, is a nerve sheath formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Cells, wrapping several times around the neurites, form a casing of their own cell membrane, arranged in several layers bound to the PLP1 protein. It also serves as a mechanical protection and electrical insulator for the axon. Long axons with myelin sheaths are called core fibers, and axons without casing are non-core fibers. Myelin sheath has most of the long neurites that run through the white matter in the central nervous system and in the core nerves. At the interval of about 1 mm in the knot's cortex (Ranvier bottlenecks), the core fibers are deprived of the casings. Myelin is a substance produced by cells surrounding neurons of nerve cells. In the central nervous system these are oligodendrocytes, whereas in the peripheral nervous system these are Schwann cells (lemocytes). The main component of myelin sheath is cerebrosides, including galactosiloceramide. These compounds are classified as glycolipids, composed of sugars, in this case galactose and lipid - ceramide (sphingosine derivative). Another component of myelin is phospholipid lecithin (phosphatidylcholine). Bibliography

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