industrial building

Industrial construction relies on spatial development of large production halls. In order to create inside of these facilities as the largest usable space needed for production and technological processes, individual hall elements must have large spans and heights. In order to prevent spatial instability of such constructions, appropriate truss (wind) bracings are used, located in the planes of the roof slopes and in the corners of all vertical wall planes. They also transfer the braking forces from overhead cranes loaded by special brackets of the main frame pillars. The whole set of concentrations must be designed so that it creates a structural, stable spatial skeleton, integrated into the entire structure in a way that does not reduce its usable volume.

Long halls are divided into transverse segments bordering each other in the main planes of the skeleton of the hall. In such halls, every few segments, constructional expansion joints are used that run through the entire height of the building; also through its foundations. They enable compensation of temperature influence and assembly inaccuracy.

Hall walls can be made of brick (bricks, hollow blocks) or filled with prefabricated elements. The walls are fitted with gates for internal communication and windows most often in steel construction.

The interior lighting of halls is obtained by properly constructed structural coverings or specially made skylights. Both solutions are constructed in such a way that they drain rainwater beyond the outline of the building.

Room air conditioning is achieved thanks to appropriate supply and exhaust installations, usually mounted under the roof girders. In heavy industry plants (eg foundries and rolling mills of steel mills), in which technological processes that produce high temperatures take place, special roof vents are installed in the roof skylights.

Industrial facilities with large dimensions are susceptible to dynamic loads originating from machines and devices working in them. That is why the design of their foundations with the use of vibroacoustic insulation is of particular importance. The need to effectively isolate machines from the foundations and construction of the hall increases with the increase in the value of inertia forces induced by their work. The ineffectiveness of insulation can, with long periods of operation of objects, cause fatigue of construction materials, resulting in serious construction failures. Bibliography

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