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Hilemorphism (gr .: hyle = matter, morphe = shape), hylemorphism - position in the theory of being (metaphysics) and philosophy of nature regarding the ontical construction and operation of natural bodies. According to this theory, every being is constituted by the first matter and the substantial form. With this assumption, you can explain the fact of substantial changes - passing one substance into other substances, i.e. the loss of one substance while creating other substances.

The foundations of the theory of hylemorphism were given by Aristotle (384-322 BC), and the name itself was coined by the neo-scholasticism at the end of the 19th century. For Aristotle, matter and idea formed a substance as its components. According to Aristotle, the first matter is a potential being, that is, ready to go to the act, to the being. On the other hand, Tomasz z Akwin (1225-1274 AD), taking up the theory of hylemorphism, stated that matter is potential not only for the essence, but also for existence, that is, it does not exist without form. Existence is received along with the substantial form. Existence is her second act. Just as there are no ideas - all these are abstractions. There really are only specific bands of matter and form, or substances. This hylemorphism of Aristotelian descent differs from the neoplatonic type of the existence theory, which recognizes that independent ideas, without matter, are more a being than material beings.

A separate interpretation of hylemorphism was presented by the Spanish neoscholastic philosopher Franciszek Suárez SJ (1548-1617). Suarezja version of hylemorfizmu has a genesis in Scotism and medieval nominalism. He did not recognize the real difference, but only the thought between the being and existence. He accepted the existence of the first matter itself, as a "entytatywy act", which is something intermediate between the actual existence and non-existence.

The theory of hylemorphism traditionally refers to the so-called "Natural bodies" (Latin corpus naturale), or substantial material entities that are subject to change or have an instruction for change. These are not items made, for example by man and mathematical entities.

Some philosophers extend the hylemorphic composition for every being. In a different sense than Aristotle, the inclusion of matter from matter and form is taken, for example, by Roman Ingarden. With at least nine meanings: matter - form, only one opinion in Ingarden's corresponds to Aristotle's conception. Bibliography

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