Fuþark junior

Junior fitter with transcription of characters. In the upper row the longitudinal form, in the middle short-glazed

Younger fighter - a form of runic alphabet used in Scandinavia's Viking age.

The younger Fuþark evolved about 800 years ago from the older fuer, in the course of transformations which led to the reduction of the number of letters from 24 to 16. The younger Fuþark retained the original layout and divided them into three groups, but the last two were removed from the first group. second and third three. In addition to the runes ᚢ there were reductions of characters with two trunks, and the size of the runes was also unified by removing or transforming the truncated runes. The exact background of the transformations that led to the formation of the younger form of the fox are not known. It is thought that these may have been due to the progressive dialectisation of the pragmatic language, the unification of the signs, or the conjugation of both. On the other hand, the enigmatic remains of a very conservative form of a younger fighter, who by removing some of the original letters did not introduce any new to the new phonemes. This makes it difficult to read the inscription, because the same fleece may, depending on the context of the use of the voiced or voiceless consonant (eg ᛒ b or p) or several different vowels (eg ᚢ u, o, y or ö). In order to facilitate reading, the runes were sometimes accompanied by additional dots that acted as diacritics.

The youngest Fuþark existed in two basic varieties: Danish (so-called long-glazed) and Swedish-Norwegian (so-called short-glazed). The short-glazed ferruginous wood, due to the impermanence of the material, has survived in fewer monuments than the long-eared frogs. A large part of the inscription contains a mixture of both types of writing. runes

The characters of the younger composer and the possible phonetic values: Bibliography

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