Architecture von Neumann

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Architektura of Neumana

von Neumann's architecture - the first type of computer architecture developed by John von Neumann, John W. Mauchly and John Presper Eckert in 1945. A characteristic feature of this architecture is that the data is stored together with the instructions, which means that they are coded in the same way.

In this architecture, the computer consists of four main components:

The control unit together with the arithmetic and logic unit form the processor.

A computer system based on the von Neumann architecture should:

The given conditions allow you to switch the computer system from one task (program) to another without physical interference in the system structure, and thus guarantee its universality.

The von Neumann computer system does not have separate memories for storing data and instructions. Instructions and data are encoded in the form of numbers. Without analyzing the program, it is difficult to determine whether a given area of ​​memory contains data or instructions. The executed program can modify itself by treating the instruction area as data, and after processing these data instructions - start doing them.

A computer model that uses the von Neumann architecture is often referred to as an example of a digital (PMC) machine. Controversies

Mauchly and Eckert accused von Neumann of appropriating the joint results of the work. Sam von Neumann regarded their work as a collective work with a public domain license (the project was co-financed by the American government).

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