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A detention tank or a detention pond - a type of water reservoir with a small capacity located on a watercourse, usually in urbanized areas. Its main task is to reduce flood flows and improve the quality of waste water. English-language literature includes the names sediment detention ponds and dual purpose detention ponds.

In the detention tank, the debris is deposited by the liquid in the form of a fine material flowing with the water. It may contain numerous impurities, among which phosphorus compounds, heavy metals and some radionuclides are mentioned. In addition, this rubble may cloud the valley of the watercourse, the hydrotechnical constructions and reservoirs located on it, reduce water quality and make it difficult to treat.

In addition to the basic role of water, they can also have aesthetic, recreational, fire, flood or irrigation functions. They also reduce the effects of water erosion.

An example of a detention tank is the Staw Wyścigi in Warsaw on the Służewiec Stream. Research on it has shown that in the case of a flood on 26 April 2014 caused by long-lasting and intensive precipitation, it accumulated 68% of incoming water with flood water.

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