Biometric security

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USB stick with fingerprint reader

Biometric security - a type of security based on biometric data: face image, fingerprint recording, iris image recording. The security is to eliminate forgery or constitutes an access code. Biometric security as a print security is used in documents of some countries, for example on residence permits, in passports.

Currently, the most popular biometric techniques can be divided into the following groups:

Fingerprints: in the case of access control, verification must be done very quickly and with high accuracy. Fingerprint readers are used for this.

Such devices are equipped with a proper scanning field, to which one should put the finger of any finger of the right or left hand. The system checks the fingerprint, examines the arrangement of characteristic points and other finger identification features.

Two solutions can be used here: identification is made in the reader itself (it is then a quite complex device) or (more often) in a PC connected to it.

Hand geometry. Hand geometry readers perform a three-dimensional photo of the hand, registering the length, width, thickness of four fingers and the size of the areas between the cubes. In total, over 90 measurements of various hand characteristics are performed. The result of these measurements is stored in the device's memory in the form of a 9-byte pattern, which in theory gives over 4 trillions of possible combinations. This identifier is virtually unique to every human being.

Iris recognition. Current iris recognition systems perform a general overview of facial features to locate the eyes, a special camera takes a photo of the iris with very high resolution.

Systems are resistant to accidental and deliberate movements of the head, blinking or closing the eyelid.

In the next step, the system from the taken photo prepares a code containing a short description of characteristic points. In advanced systems, such code is then encrypted and compared to the encrypted original code stored in the system database.

Currently, most of the commercial biometric devices produced do not provide a satisfactory level of security.

Biometrics of the blood vessels of the hands. The authentication system consists in comparing the saved pattern of the blood vessels of the hands, which is unique for every human to the pattern of blood vessels near the reader. Blood must flow through the blood vessels scanned near the infrared. The mentioned template can be saved in a central database, but also eg in a verification device, on a smartphone or on a standard magnetic card, which avoids problems in case of legal doubts as to the possibility of using this biometric verification method. Since the pattern record is double-encrypted, its unauthorized use is not possible. The possibility of wrong authorization of an unauthorized person is estimated at 1: 10,000,000. Other biometric authorization systems have a worse FAR (False Acceptance Rate).

The system is more and more widely used in the world, among others in physical control systems for buildings, logical - for computer systems, access to mass sports facilities, or for verification of the identity of persons authorized to perform banking operations by ATMs. The system is patented by one of the Japanese technology companies. More on the web under the name PalmSecure.

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