Field fortification

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Field fortification during the First World War

Field fortification - the domain of fortifications, treating the means and ways of strengthening the area in the process of direct preparation and conducting a fight (operation). All relatively simple elements of field fortification are made basically with full-time equipment and field forces. The basic building material in the field fortification is wood, earth, stone, etc. and prefabricated reinforced concrete and steel elements.

Over the course of history, field fortification has undergone a thorough transformation, changing its forms. The first of its manifestations were fortified camps, which were created in convenient terrain points on the routes of marching troops or in areas of planned battles, surrounding them with wagons or earth embankments, reinforced by a moat and a palisade. In the period of the sixteenth-nineteenth, field fortification was basically a construction site in the field of the future battle of a few field fortifications such as redoubt, telescope and redan. The next stage in the development of the field fort was the shooting range (defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855), self-defense in attack (Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878) and transzeja (Anglo-Boer war 1899-1902). During World War I and II, the role and scope of fortification work increased in connection with the battlefield of millionaires. There were continuous, sometimes multi-kilometer long positions and stripes of field fortifications. Bibliography

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