Diols geminal

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General formula gem-diol. R - organic or hydrogen

Geminal diols (gem-diols) are organic compounds of the diol group in which both hydroxyl groups are attached to the same carbon atom.

They are hydrates of ketones or aldehydes and remain in equilibrium with the anhydrous form, which is usually quite dominant. In the case of simple aldehydes, however, gem-diol forms are predominant. For example, the simplest geminal diol, methanediol H2C (OH) 2, the formaldehyde hydrate, represents 99% of the equilibrium and formaldehyde H2C = O is only 1%: H2C=O + H2O → H2C(OH)2

In the case of acetone, the situation is reversed, its hydrate, 2,2-propanediol, is present at <0.1%.

Me2C=O + H2O ← Me2C(OH)2

Monoetery gem-dioli to hemiacetale, R2C(OH)(OR), a dietery to acetale, R2C(OR)2.



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